Pérez Rojas, NelsonSilva Velandia, David StivenCarreño Brochero, María Sofía2022-04-212022-04-212021https://repositorio.ecci.edu.co/handle/001/2725This monograph aims to make an analysis of the novel The armies, by Evelio Rosero, a novel that tells the story of Ismael Pasos, an 80-year-old teacher who worked in the small towns of Colombia until he reached San José. There Ismael resides with his wife Otilia and he stands out not only for having taught to read and write to most of the people of the town, but in his old age he also becomes that distant spectator who narrates in a typified, normalized way, and almost natural, the violent events, the traumas and the culture of violence created by the conflicts between legal and illegal armed groups. In order to show the impact and some effects of the state abandonment that the novel exposes, it is intended to relate some violent events that occurred in Colombia with the situations that take place in San José. Likewise, in this work it will be found the concept of Empathic Unsettlement, a term proposed by the American professor and historian Dominick LaCapra (2001), as the literary resource that the writer used when deciding how to tell his novel. It should be emphasized that Rosero did not experience violence directly, however, he takes the necessary experience for the narrator from the information published in the different media. Key words: historical memory, empathic unsettlement, violence, normalization of violence, The armies.Esta monografía pretende hacer un análisis de la novela Los ejércitos, de Evelio Rosero, novela que cuenta la historia de Ismael Pasos, un profesor de 80 años de edad que ejerció dentro de los pequeños pueblos de Colombia hasta llegar a San José. Allí, Ismael reside junto a su esposa Otilia y él se destaca no solo por haberle enseñado a leer y escribir a la mayor parte de las personas del pueblo, sino que en su vejez también se convierte en aquel espectador distante que narra de forma tipificada, normalizada y casi natural, los hechos violentos, los traumas y la cultura de violencia creada por los conflictos entre grupos armados legales e ilegales. Con el propósito de mostrar el impacto y algunos efectos del abandono estatal que expone la novela, se pretende relacionar algunos hechos violentos ocurridos en Colombia con las situaciones que se protagonizan en San José. Así mismo, en este trabajo se encontrará el concepto de Desasosiego Empático como el recurso literario que utilizó el escritor al decidir cómo contar su novela. Es preciso recalcar que Rosero no vivió la violencia directamente, sin embargo toma la experiencia necesaria para el narrador desde la información publicada en los diferentes medios de comunicación. Palabras Claves: memoria histórica, desasosiego empático, violencia, normalización de la violencia, los ejércitos.Table of contents Abstract 3 Resumen 4 Table of content 5 Introduction 7 Chapter 1. Problem statement 11 1.1 Research question 14 1.2 General objective 14 1.3 Specific objectives 14 Chapter 2. Theoretical framework 14 2.1 Violence 15 2.2 Culture of violence 17 2.3 Empathic unsettlement 20 2.4 Hermeneutics 22 2.5 Historical memory 24 Chapter 3. State of art 27 3.1 Violence 28 3.1.1 Half a Century in the company of the One Hundred Years of Solitude 28 3.1.2 Implications Around the Phenomenon of the violence in Ashes of the Wind by Hernando Tellez 28 3.2 Culture of violence in literature 29 3.2.1 The Phenomenon of Cultural Violence Behind 6 the Literary Work, The Study of Comparative Literary Model by Sylvie Meiliana. 29 3.2.2 Violencia novelada, una mirada comparativa a las novelas Muertes de fiesta y Los ejércitos del escritor colombiano Evelio Rosero Diago 30 3.3 Historical memory 33 3.3.2 Spanish Literature and the Recovery of Historical Memory 33 3.4 Empathic unsettlement 34 3.4.1 "This, too, was myself ": Empathic Unsettlement and the Victim/Perpetrator Binary in Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde 34 Chapter 4. Methodology and analysis 36 4.1 Direct violence 37 4.2 Violence since state abandonment 46 4.3 Other important symbols of violence 50 4.4 Culture of violence 52 4.5 Empathic unsettlement 56 4.6 Historical Memory 60 Chapter 5. Conclusions 64 References73 p.application/pdfengDerechos Reservados - Universidad ECCI, 2021Trabajo de grado - Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessMemoria históricaDesasosiego empáticoViolenciaNormalización de la violenciaLos ejércitosHistorical memoryEmpathic unsettlementViolenceNormalization of violenceThe armieshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2